Understanding Tooth Decay
9 October 2026
Tooth decay is one of the most common dental problems, and it can affect people of any age. It usually develops slowly and often causes no pain at first, so many people only find out they have it once it has progressed. The good news is that decay is largely preventable, and much simpler to treat when it is found early. A little knowledge about how it starts can help you protect your teeth, and know when to ask for advice.
How tooth decay starts
Plaque is the sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. When you eat or drink something sugary, the bacteria turn the sugar into acid, which gradually dissolves the minerals in your enamel, the hard outer layer of the tooth.
Saliva and fluoride help the enamel to repair itself, but if the acid attacks happen often, or plaque is not cleaned away well, a hole called a cavity can form. What matters most is how often you have sugar, not just how much.
Signs to look out for
Early decay often causes no symptoms at all. As it progresses, you may notice sensitivity to hot, cold or sweet food, a dark spot or visible hole in a tooth, or toothache. A constant toothache, or swelling near a tooth, can be a sign of infection and should be seen promptly.
How decay is treated
Very early decay can sometimes be stopped with fluoride and better cleaning. Once a cavity has formed, the decayed part of the tooth is removed and the tooth is restored with a filling. At Coast we use tooth-coloured fillings, which blend in with your natural teeth. If decay reaches the nerve, more extensive treatment may be needed, which is why finding it early matters.
Simple ways to protect your teeth
- Brush twice a day for two minutes with a fluoride toothpaste, and spit out the excess rather than rinsing
- Clean between your teeth every day
- Have sugary food and drink with meals rather than snacking through the day
- Drink water, especially after eating
- Attend regular check-ups and hygiene appointments
Book a check-up
Decay often starts between the teeth or under existing fillings, where you cannot see it, so regular check-ups matter. A new patient examination at Coast is £75, and hygiene appointments start from £60, which you can book directly with our hygienist. If you have a toothache or have lost a filling, please tell us when you call. You can book online or call us on 023 9217 0201.
We look forward to seeing you at Coast Dental Health.